Socio-Economic Impacts of Disaster-Induced Displacement on Coastal Populations in Bangladesh
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70112/arss-2024.13.2.4250Keywords:
Disaster-Induced Dislocation, Socio-Economic Impacts, Coastal Bangladesh, Pressure and Release (PAR) Model, Displacement VulnerabilitiesAbstract
Disaster-induced dislocation has become a global concern due to recurring natural disasters and increasing displacement. This study examines the socio-economic impacts of such dislocations on the southern coastal people of Bangladesh, with a focus on their lifestyle, health, and possessions. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study involved 410 social survey respondents, 20 key informant interviews, and 10 case studies, comparing pre- and post-displacement conditions across two coastal districts. The Pressure and Release (PAR) model was employed to assess vulnerabilities, revealing that repeated displacement exacerbates economic and social insecurity, leading to marginalization and social exclusion. Displaced individuals struggle to adjust to new living conditions, food scarcity, and job integration, creating lives marked by uncertainty. This often results in humanitarian crises, including poor sanitation, loss of land, and inadequate healthcare. The findings aim to inform policymakers and development practitioners about the vulnerabilities of displaced coastal populations in Bangladesh.
References
Adeagbo, A., Daramola, A., Carim-Sanni, A., Akujobi, C., & Ukpong, C. (2016). Effects of natural disasters on social and economic well-being: A study in Nigeria. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 17, 1-12.
Azad, A. K., Hossain, K. M., & Nasreen, M. (2013). Flood-induced vulnerabilities and problems encountered by women in northern Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 4(4), 190-199.
Bankoff, G. (2003). Vulnerability as a measure of change in society. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 21(2), 5-30.
Biswas, R., & Anwaruzzaman, A. K. M. (2019). Measuring hazard vulnerability by bank erosion of the Ganga river in Malda district using the PAR model. Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International, 22(1), 1-15.
Buchori, I., Pramitasari, A., Pangi, P., Sugiri, A., Maryono, M., Basuki, Y., & Sejati, A. W. (2021). Factors distinguishing the decision to migrate from the flooded and inundated community of Sayung, Demak: A suburban area of Semarang City, Indonesia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 52, 101946.
Chowdhury, M. A., Hasan, M. K., & Islam, S. L. U. (2022). Climate change adaptation in Bangladesh: Current practices, challenges, and the way forward. The Journal of Climate Change and Health, 6, 100108.
Cox, R. S., & Perry, K. M. E. (2011). Like a fish out of water: Reconsidering disaster recovery and the role of place and social capital in community disaster resilience. American Journal of Community Psychology, 48(3), 395-411.
Ferris, E. (2007). Making sense of climate change, natural disasters, and displacement: A work in progress. Bern Universität: Calcutta Research Group Winter Course.
Few, R., Omasete, J., Geere, J. A., & Ray-Bennett, N. S. (2023). Climate change and drowning risk in Bangladesh and Tanzania and the implications for RNLI programmes.
Garai, J. (2014). The impacts of climate change on the livelihoods of coastal people in Bangladesh: A sociological study. In International perspectives on climate change (pp. 151-163). Springer, Cham.
Haque, D. M. E., Mimi, A., Mazumder, R. K., & Salman, A. M. (2020). Evaluation of natural hazard risk for coastal districts of Bangladesh using the INFORM approach. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 48, 101569.
Herath, H. M. T. R., Udage, A. C., & Rathnayaka, R. M. P. S. (2021). Identifying the current trend of sustainable development of Asia. Asian Review of Social Sciences, 10(1), 22-30. https://doi.org/10.51983/arss-2021.10.1.2678
Hossain, S. (2013). Migration, urbanization, and poverty in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Hum.), 58(2), 369-382.
Huq, N., Hugé, J., Boon, E., & Gain, A. K. (2015). Climate change impacts in agricultural communities in rural areas of coastal Bangladesh: A tale of many stories. Sustainability, 7(7), 8437-8460.
Islam, M. R., & Hasan, M. (2016). Climate-induced human displacement: A case study of Cyclone Aila in the south-west coastal region of Bangladesh. Natural Hazards, 81(2), 1051-1071.
Islam, R., Walkerden, G., & Amati, M. (2017). Households’ experience of local government during recovery from cyclones in coastal Bangladesh: Resilience, equity, and corruption. Natural Hazards, 85(1), 361-378.
Jayawardhan, S. (2017). Vulnerability and climate change induced human displacement. Consilience, (17), 103-142.
Kabir, R., Khan, H. T., Ball, E., & Caldwell, K. (2016). Climate change impact: The experience of the coastal areas of Bangladesh affected by cyclones Sidr and Aila. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2016.
Mahdi, S. (2017). City population changes in post-disaster region: A case of post-tsunami Aceh, Indonesia. In Government and communities: Sharing Indonesia’s common goals (pp. 267-284).
Maldonado, J. K. (2014). A multiple knowledge approach for adaptation to environmental change: Lessons learned from coastal Louisiana’s tribal communities. Journal of Political Ecology, 21(1), 61-82.
Mallick, B., & Vogt, J. (2014). Population displacement after cyclone and its consequences: Empirical evidence from coastal Bangladesh. Natural Hazards, 73(2), 191-212.
Mallick, B., Ahmed, B., & Vogt, J. (2017). Living with the risks of cyclone disasters in the south-western coastal region of Bangladesh. Environments, 4(1), 13.
Mallick, B., Rahaman, K. R., & Vogt, J. (2011). Coastal livelihood and physical infrastructure in Bangladesh after cyclone Aila. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 16(6), 629-648.
McNeill, I., Amin, A. A., Son, G., & Karmacharya, S. (2022). A lack of legal frameworks for internally displaced persons impacted by climate change and natural disasters: Analysis of regulatory challenges in Bangladesh, India, and the Pacific Islands.
Mudasser, M., Hossain, M. Z., Rahaman, K. R., & Ha-Mim, N. M. (2020). Investigating the climate-induced livelihood vulnerability index in coastal areas of Bangladesh. World, 1(2), 12.
Mustak, S. (2022). Climate change and disaster-induced displacement in the Global South: A review. In Climate Change, Disaster and Adaptations: Contextualising Human Responses to Ecological Change (pp. 107-120).
Mutton, D., & Haque, C. E. (2004). Human vulnerability, dislocation, and resettlement: Adaptation processes of riverbank erosion-induced displacees in Bangladesh. Disasters, 28(1), 41-62.
Nasreen, M., Khan, M. M., & Hossain, K. M. (2023). Introducing Coastal Region of Bangladesh. In Coastal Disaster Risk Management in Bangladesh: Vulnerability and Resilience.
Ngcamu, B. S. (2023). Climate change effects on vulnerable populations in the Global South: A systematic review. Natural Hazards, 118(2), 977-991.
Nikuze, A., Sliuzas, R., Flacke, J., & van Maarseveen, M. (2019). Livelihood impacts of displacement and resettlement on informal households: A case study from Kigali, Rwanda. Habitat International, 86, 38-47.
Oliver-Smith, A. (2016). Climate change and population displacement: Disasters and diasporas in the twenty-first century. In Anthropology and climate change (pp. 116-136). Routledge.
Parven, A., Pal, I., Witayangkurn, A., Pramanik, M., Nagai, M., Miyazaki, H., & Wuthisakkaroon, C. (2022). Impacts of disaster and land-use change on food security and adaptation: Evidence from the delta community in Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 78, 103119.
Paul, S. K. (2013). Post-cyclone livelihood status and strategies in coastal Bangladesh. Rajshahi University Journal of Life & Earth and Agricultural Sciences, 41, 1-20.
Rahaman, M., & Esraz-Ul-Zannat, M. (2021). Evaluating the impacts of major cyclonic catastrophes in coastal Bangladesh using geospatial techniques. SN Applied Sciences, 3, 1-21.
Rahman, M. S., & Gain, A. (2020). Adaptation to river bank erosion induced displacement in Koyra Upazila of Bangladesh. Progress in Disaster Science, 5, 100055.
Rahman, S., & Rahman, M. A. (2015). Climate extremes and challenges to infrastructure development in coastal cities in Bangladesh. Weather and Climate Extremes, 7, 96-108.
Roy, B., Penha-Lopes, G. P., Uddin, M. S., Kabir, M. H., Lourenço, T. C., & Torrejano, A. (2022). Sea level rise induced impacts on coastal areas of Bangladesh and local-led community-based adaptation. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 73, 102850.
Sathar, Z., Khan, S., & Choudhury, M. (2012). Case Study on Migration due to Environmental Changes in Bangladesh: Challenges of Informal Settlement Areas.
Seneviratne, S. I., & Coumou, D. (2017). The history of heat waves in Bangladesh. Nature Communications, 8, 16801.
Shams, N., & Uddin, S. (2020). Displacement, livelihoods, and poverty in Bangladesh: The impact of climate change and disaster risk. Sustainable Development, 28(6), 1051-1063.
Sustainable Development Policy Institute. (2017). Review of the current status of disaster preparedness and climate change adaptation in Bangladesh. Sustainable Development Review, 24, 1-15.
Stern, N. (2007). The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review. Cambridge University Press.
Takahashi, K. (2016). The displacement and resettlement of climate refugees in Bangladesh: The international challenge for urban planning. Global Environmental Change, 39, 114-123.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Centre for Research and Innovation
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
