Domestic Violence Against Infertile Women in Karachi, Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51983/arss-2012.1.1.1184Keywords:
Physical Violence, Psychological Violence, Women, InfertilityAbstract
This study investigates the prevalence of physical and psychological violence against infertile women in Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 400 infertile women attending the selected infertility clinics in Karachi, Pakistan were interviewed using the to investigate their experiences of physical and psychological violence. Out of 400 infertile women, 278 (64%) reported to be the victims of violence during the last 12 months before they were interviewed. Nearly one quarter (23.1%) reported facing physical violence. All women reported their husbands and their family members to be the perpetrators. It is concluded that Clinicians should identify the abused women and provide them with medical care and supportive counseling.
References
World Health Organization, “Challenges in reproductive health research”, Biennial Report 1992-1993, Geneva, WHO, 1994.
World Health Organization, “Infertility: A tabulation of available data on prevalence ofprimary and secondary infertility”, Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Programme on Maternal and Child Health; 1992. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1991/who_mch_919.
A.Phoenix, A.Woollett and E.Lloyd, “Motherhood: social construction, politics and psychology in Motherhood: Meanings, Practices and Ideologies”, London: Sage Publications. Pp. 66-85, 1991.
J.Ussher, “Negative images of female sexuality and reproduction: reflecting mysogin or misinformation”, Psychology of women Newsletter, Vol.5, pp.17-29, 1990.
F.Van Balen, T.C.Trimboskemper, “Involuntarily childless couples: their desire tohave children and their motives”, J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol, Vol. 16, pp.137-44, 1995.
T. Ali, I. Bustamante, “Prevalence of and reasons for domestic violence among women from low socioeconomic communities of Karachi”, Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal,Vol.13, pp. 219- 25, 2007.
UNFPA, Pakistan Population Assessment, Government of Pakistan, January 2003
N.Sami, T.S.Ali, Psycho-social consequences of secondary infertility in Karachi”, J Pak Med Assoc, Vol.56, pp.19-22, 2006.
E. Anderson , J.McFarlane and A.Helton, “Community-as-client: a model for practice Nurs”, Outlook, Vol.34,No.5, pp.220–4, 1986
J.McFarlane, B.Parker, K.Soeken and L.Bullock, “Assessing for abuse during pregnancy: severity and frequency of injuries and associated entry into prenatal care”, JAMA, Vol. 267,No.23, pp.3176, 1992.
S.J.Dyer, N.Abrahams, N.E.Mokoena, CJ.Lombard, and Z.M.vanderSpuy, “Psychological distress among womensuffering from couple infertility in South Africa: aquantitative assessment”, Hum Reprod., Vol.20, pp.1938–43, 2005.
N. Papreen, A.Sharma, K.Sabin, L.Begum, SK.Ahsan, and AH.Baqui, “Living with infertility: experiences among urban slum populations in Bangladesh”, Reprod Health Matters, Vol.8,No.15, pp.33-44, 2000.
S.Uniss, “Childlessness in Andhra Pradesh, India: Treatment Seeking and consequences”, Reproductive Health Matters, Vol. 7, pp.1354-64, 1999.
A.Singh, LK.Dhaliwal, A.Kaur, “Infertility in a primary health center in NorthernIndia: A follow up study”, J Family Welfare,Vol.42, pp.151-56, 1997.
M.Cain, “The consequences of reproductive failure: dependence, mobility and mortality among the elderly of South Asia”, Population Studies, Vol.40, pp.375-88, 1986.
F.Ramezanzadeh, M.M.Aghssa, N.Abedinia, F.Zayeri, N.Khanafshar, M.Shariat, et al., “A survey of relationship between anxiety, depression and durationof infertility”, BMC Women's Health, Vol.4, pp.9-15, 2004.
Antonia Abbey, Andrews M. Frank, and L. Jill Halman. "Infertility and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Roles of Self-Esteem, Internal Control, and Interpersonal Conflict." Journal of Marriage and the Family. Vol.54, pp.408-17, 1992.
ER.Bresnick, “A Holistic Approach to the Treatment of the Crisis of Infertility”, Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, pp.181-8, 1981.
F.Kocacik, and O.Dogan, “Domestic violence against women in Sivas, Turkey: survey study”, Croat Med J, Vol. 47, pp.742–9, 2006.
T.W.Leung, W.C. Leung, P.C. Ho, “Intimate partner violence among infertilewomen”, Int J GynecolObstet,Vol. 83, No.3, pp.323–4, 2003.
N. Ameh, T.S.Kene, S.O.Onuh, J.E.Okohue, O.U.Umeora, and OB.Anozie, “Burden of domestic violence amongst infertile women attending infertility clinics in Nigeria”, Niger J Med,Vol.16, No.4, pp.375–7, 2007.
R.Yildizhan, E.Adali, A.Kolusari, M.Kurdoglu, B.Yildizhan, and G.Sahin, “Domestic violenceagainst infertilewomen in a Turkishsetting”, Int J Gynecol Obstet,Vol.104, No.2, pp.110–12, 2009.
J.C.Campbell, “Health consequences of intimate partner violence”, Lancet, Vol.359, No.9314, pp.1331-6, 2002.
F.Kocacik, O.Dogan, “Domestic violence against women in Sivas, Turkey: survey study”, Croat Med J, Vol.47, pp.742-9, 2006.
R.Henrion, “Domestic violence during pregnancy: screening and management”, J GynecolObstetBiolReprod, Vol.34, pp.S62-67, 2005.
H.E.Ardabily, BZ.Moghadam, M.Salsali, and F.Ramezanzadeh, “Prevalence and risk factors for domestic violence against infertile women in an Iranian setting”, Int J of Gyn And Obs, Vol.112, pp.15- 17, 2011.
R.Yildizhan, E.Adali, and A. Kolusari, “Domestic violence against infertile women in a Turkish setting”, Int J of Gyn and obs,Vol.104, No.110-112, 2009.
Z.B.Moghadam, and H.Ardabily, “Physical and Psychological Violence against Infertile Women”, Journal of Family and Reproductive Health, Vol.4, pp.65-67, 2010.
E.O.Orji, O.Kuti, and O.B.Fasubaa, “Impact of infertility on marital life in Nigeria”, Int JGynecolObstet, Vol.79, No.1, pp.61-2, 2002.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2012 The Research Publication
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.